Directions : Read the following passage and answer the questions. Voice or…
2023
Directions : Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Voice or speaker recognition refers to a machine or program's ability to interpret dictation or understand and execute spoken commands. This technology has become increasingly prominent with the _____________ of artificial intelligence (AI) and intelligent assistants like Amazon's Alexa and Apple's Siri. Offering hands free interactions, voice recognition systems enable users to make requests, set reminders, and perform various tasks simply by speaking.
The process involves automatic speech recognition (ASR) programs that can identify and differentiate voices. Some ASR programs necessitate users to train the system for improved accuracy in converting speech to text. Evaluation of a voice's frequency, accent, and speech flow is integral to voice recognition systems.
While voice recognition and speech recognition are often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings. Voice recognition identifies the speaker, whereas speech recognition assesses the content of what is said.
In practice, voice recognition software on computers converts analog audio into digital signals through analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. This digital database of words or syllables is then compared to signals during pattern recognition. The size of the program's effective vocabulary depends on the computer's RAM capacity, with faster processing speeds enhancing search capabilities.
Voice recognition involves analyzing speech through models like the hidden Markov model or recurrent neural networks. The former breaks down spoken words into phonemes, while the latter uses previous outputs to influence current inputs, improving capabilities and accuracy with increased data.
The integration of voice recognition into smartphones and home devices like Google Home and Amazon Echo has made this technology ubiquitous. As more users engage with voice recognition, the wealth of data generated enhances the capabilities and accuracy of these systems, indicating a promising trajectory for the technology's future.
Choose the most appropriate choice that can substitute the three highlighted words in the passage in the same order.
- A.
require, alleviated, vital
- B.
rationalize, progressed, exclusive
- C.
crucial, discern, inherent
- D.
mandate, elevated, indispensable
- E.
impose, augmented, resilient
Attempted by 6 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Concept
In a word-substitution question you must replace each highlighted word with a near-synonym that fits both the meaning AND the grammar of its sentence. A correct substitute must keep the same part of speech (verb for a verb, adjective for an adjective) and the same syntactic frame, while preserving the author's intended sense. All three replacements in a single option must succeed simultaneously.
Application
Test each highlighted word against the chosen option in order:
"necessitate" (a verb meaning "to make necessary / require", used as "necessitate users to train"): the substitute must be a verb taking the "someone to do" frame and meaning "require". "mandate users to train" preserves both the meaning (officially require) and the construction.
"improved" (an adjective modifying "accuracy", meaning "made better"): the substitute must be an adjective meaning "raised / made better". "elevated accuracy" reads naturally and means heightened, better accuracy.
"integral" (an adjective in "is integral to", meaning "essential to"): the substitute must be an adjective meaning "essential / cannot be done without" that takes "to". "indispensable to voice recognition systems" carries exactly that sense.
Cross-check / Contrast
Only one option makes all three substitutions work at once; the others break on meaning or grammar:
require / alleviated / vital: "require" fits, but "alleviated accuracy" means reduced or eased accuracy — the opposite of "improved".
rationalize / progressed / exclusive: "rationalize users to train" is ungrammatical and "rationalize" means to justify, not require; "exclusive" does not mean essential.
crucial / discern / inherent: "crucial" is an adjective, so it cannot replace the verb "necessitate"; "discern accuracy" is not the adjective "improved".
impose / augmented / resilient: "impose users to train" is the wrong frame for "impose", and "resilient" means able to recover, not "essential".
The set mandate, elevated, indispensable is the only choice that fits all three blanks in meaning and grammar.