In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and…

The correct answer is the Transport layer. In the OSI model, the Transport layer (Layer 4) is specifically designed to manage end-to-end communication between source and destination hosts. Its primary responsibilities include ensuring reliable data delivery through error recovery mechanisms, such as retransmitting lost packets, and managing flow control to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver. While the Data link layer handles error detection and flow control, it operates only between adjacent nodes on the same network segment (hop-to-hop), not end-to-end across the entire path. The Network layer focuses on routing and logical addressing, while the Session layer manages dialog control between applications. Therefore, because it guarantees complete data integrity and regulates transmission rates across the entire network path, the Transport layer is the definitive answer for end-to-end error recovery and flow control.