Showing a photograph to a friend, Ravi says, “She is the grand-daughter of the…

In blood-relation puzzles, a cousin (child of a parent's sibling) is treated as your own brother or sister; consequently, that cousin's own children are treated as your niece or nephew, exactly as if the cousin were a full sibling.

1. The elder brother of Ravi's father is Ravi's paternal uncle.

2. The uncle's own son or daughter is Ravi's cousin — a same-generation relative treated as a sibling.

3. The girl in the photograph is the uncle's grand-daughter, i.e., the daughter of that cousin — one generation below Ravi.

4. Since the cousin is treated as Ravi's sibling, the cousin's daughter is Ravi's niece.

Cross-check: tracing the family tree — grandfather → (Ravi's father, uncle) → (Ravi, uncle's child) → uncle's grandchild — confirms the girl sits exactly one generation below Ravi through the paternal line, the defining position of a niece.

• Sister would require the same parents and Ravi's own generation — the girl here is a generation below, through the uncle's line.

• Aunt would place her a generation above Ravi (a parent's sister) — the opposite of her actual generation here.

• Sister-in-law would tie her to Ravi through marriage at his own generation — this girl is linked purely by blood through the paternal uncle's descent.