Fundamental Duties are adopted from the Constitution of which country?

The Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens are listed in Part IV-A (Article 51A) of the Constitution. These were not part of the original 1950 Constitution; they were inserted later, modelled on the duties owed by citizens to the state under socialist constitutions, most notably that of the erstwhile Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, acting on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. The committee explicitly drew on the model of duties found in the USSR's constitution, unlike the Fundamental Rights (borrowed from the US Bill of Rights) or the Directive Principles of State Policy (borrowed from the Irish Constitution). Hence, among the given options, the country whose constitution inspired India's Fundamental Duties is the USSR.

Cross-check against the other options:

• Germany: the source usually cited for India's Emergency provisions (Weimar-influenced), not the Fundamental Duties.

• United Kingdom: the source for India's parliamentary system of government, single citizenship, and the rule of law, not the Fundamental Duties.

• USA: the source for India's Fundamental Rights, judicial review, and independence of the judiciary, not the Fundamental Duties.

• USSR: the source for the concept and list of Fundamental Duties, added via the 42nd Amendment (1976).

Therefore, the correct source constitution for India's Fundamental Duties is that of the USSR.