Through which Amendment of Constitution education has become fundamental right?

Part III of the Constitution lays down the Fundamental Rights, and Parliament can add to or modify them only through a Constitutional Amendment under Article 368. Several amendments over the decades have each touched a distinct part of the Constitution, so identifying ‘which amendment did X’ means matching the amendment number to its specific subject-matter, not just recalling the underlying value.

The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A into Part III, guaranteeing free and compulsory education to all children aged six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right. This provision was operationalised through the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009. So among the amendments listed, the 86th Amendment is the one that made education a fundamental right.

• 22nd Amendment (1969) — inserted Article 244A, enabling an autonomous state of Meghalaya within Assam; a territorial reorganisation, unrelated to education.

• 25th Amendment (1971) — curtailed the right to property and added Article 31C protecting DPSP-implementing laws from judicial review; a property/DPSP change, not education.

• 52nd Amendment (1985) — added the Tenth Schedule, the anti-defection law; a legislative-discipline change, not education.

None of these three touches education, which independently confirms the 86th Amendment as the correct choice.