Given below are two statements Statement I: Programmed Instructional material…

Concept: Programmed instruction is a self-paced, systematically sequenced teaching method built on two defining design principles: active responding — the learner must respond at each small step (frame) of the material — and immediate feedback — the learner learns at once whether that response was correct, which reinforces the correct response immediately. Two variants were developed: the linear (straight-line) type, created by B. F. Skinner and built directly on his operant-conditioning reinforcement principle, and the branching type, created by Norman Crowder, which routes learners to different frames based on their response.

Application: Statement I says active responding and immediate feedback are important learning principles of programmed instructional material — this matches the core definition above exactly. Statement II attributes the linear type specifically to Skinner's reinforcement principle — this matches the documented design basis of the linear variant exactly, as distinct from Crowder's branching variant.

Cross-check: Testing the other combinations against the same definition confirms this reading, not the reverse.

• Both false — would require rejecting active responding/immediate feedback as core programmed-instruction principles and detaching the linear type from Skinner; neither rejection is supported by the standard account.

• Statement I true, Statement II false — would require the linear type's reinforcement basis to be attributed elsewhere; it is credited to Skinner specifically.

• Statement I false, Statement II true — would require active responding/immediate feedback to be incidental rather than defining features of programmed instruction; they are the defining features.

Result: Both statements hold, so the correct option is 'Both Statement I and Statement II are true.'