Two statements are given below followed by two conclusions numbered as I and…

2025

Two statements are given below followed by two conclusions numbered as I and II respectively. Consider the given statements as true even if they seem to be not. After reading all the conclusions conform which of the given conclusions logically follows, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:

I. Some goods are bad.

II. No bad is an awesome.

Conclusions:

I. No good is an awesome.

II. At least some goods are awesome.

  1. A.

    If only conclusion I follows.

  2. B.

    If only conclusion II follows.

  3. C.

    If either conclusion I or II follows.

  4. D.

    If neither conclusion I nor II follows.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C

Concept: Two conclusions form a complementary pair when one is a total-negative statement ("No A is B") and the other is a partial-positive statement ("Some A is B") about the exact same two terms in the exact same order. Because a total-negative and a partial-positive between the same two terms exhaust every possible relationship, at least one of the pair must always be true — even when the premises don't directly establish either one on its own.

Application: Combine the two premises through the common middle term "bad":

  1. Statement I is a particular-affirmative: "Some goods are bad" (relates good and bad).

  2. Statement II is a universal-negative: "No bad is an awesome" (relates bad and awesome).

  3. A particular-affirmative combined with a universal-negative on a shared middle term yields only a particular-negative conclusion: "Some goods are not awesome" — a statement not offered among the given conclusions.

  4. So neither given conclusion I ("No good is an awesome", a total-negative) nor conclusion II ("At least some goods are awesome", a partial-positive) follows directly from the premises.

  5. But I and II are a total-negative and a partial-positive statement about the identical pair of terms (good, awesome) in the identical order — exactly the complementary-pair pattern from the concept above.

Cross-check: Picture the goods circle partly overlapping the bad circle, with the bad circle drawn entirely outside the awesome circle. One valid diagram keeps the whole goods circle outside awesome (supporting conclusion I); another valid diagram lets the part of goods outside bad dip into awesome (supporting conclusion II). Both diagrams are equally consistent with the premises, confirming that exactly one of the two conclusions must hold, though which one cannot be fixed in advance.

Hence conclusions I and II together form a complementary pair, so either conclusion I or II follows.

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