In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are…
2025
In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There may be cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship.
Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer as
Statements:
I. The performance of most of the students in final exam of class X in the schools run by the Government was excellent.
II. Many teachers of the Government schools left the school and joined private schools.
- A.
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
- B.
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
- C.
Both the statements I and II are independent causes
- D.
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Concept
Cause-and-effect statement pairs are classified by asking two things: does one statement's event trigger the other, and is each statement itself an active cause (something still expected to produce a further effect) or an already-completed outcome (an effect)? If one statement's event brought about the other, that is a direct cause-effect chain. If neither triggers the other but both are still-acting causes pointing toward some further unstated effect, they are independent causes. If neither triggers the other and both are already-completed outcomes, they are effects of independent, unstated causes.
Application
Applying this to the two statements given here:
Statement I: most Class X students in government schools scored excellent results in their final exam -- a completed outcome, not an ongoing cause.
Statement II: many government-school teachers resigned to join private schools -- also a completed decision already taken, not an ongoing cause.
Check the link: an exam result already achieved cannot make teachers resign, and teachers resigning in some schools cannot explain a broad, state-wide exam result -- so neither statement brings about the other.
Cross-check: contrasting the options
Checking each option against this:
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect -- rejected, since an already-recorded exam result cannot trigger a teacher's resignation.
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect -- rejected, since teachers resigning cannot explain a broad exam result already recorded across most students.
Both statements I and II are independent causes -- rejected, since both statements describe outcomes already realised, not causes still pointing to some further effect.
Both statements I and II are effects of independent causes -- confirmed: each outcome traces back to its own separate, unstated cause (teaching quality behind the exam result, pay or opportunity behind the resignations), with no link between the two.
Hence, both statements I and II are effects of independent causes.