If two events A and B are independent, what is P(A ∩ B) ?

When two events A and B are independent, the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other occurring.
By definition in probability theory, the joint probability P(A ∩ B), which represents the likelihood that both events occur simultaneously, is calculated by multiplying their individual probabilities.
Therefore, for independent events, P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B).
This multiplicative rule distinguishes independent events from mutually exclusive events, where the intersection probability is zero. Option A (P(A) + P(B)) applies to mutually exclusive events for their union, not intersection.
Option C (P(A) − P(B)) and Option D (P(A) / P(B)) do not represent standard probability rules for intersections.
Thus, Option B is the correct mathematical formulation for independent events.