Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the group of…

Concept: One-word-substitution questions test whether a single word precisely captures a given definition. For words describing a person's stance toward religious tradition, the key distinction is between conforming to accepted beliefs (orthodox), rejecting them (heterodox), attacking cherished beliefs and institutions (iconoclastic), and rigidly asserting one's own opinions as unquestionably true (dogmatic).

Application: The bracketed definition is “accepting and closely following the traditional beliefs and customs of a religion.” This is the standard dictionary meaning of “orthodox” (from the Greek orthodoxos, “having the right opinion”): conforming to the conventional or traditionally accepted form of a religion, in both belief and practice. Substituting it into the sentence — “He adhered strictly to orthodox traditions, following the customs and beliefs passed down through generations in his community” — reads naturally: “adhered strictly” and “passed down through generations” both reinforce continuity with established tradition, exactly what “orthodox” denotes.

Cross-check: contrast against the other options:

• heterodox means holding opinions or beliefs that diverge from the accepted or traditional standard — the opposite of following tradition.

• iconoclastic means attacking or seeking to overturn cherished, long-held beliefs and institutions — actively rejecting tradition rather than following it.

• dogmatic means asserting one's own opinions as unquestionably true without regard to evidence — a trait about the manner of holding a view, not about adherence to religious tradition.

Only “orthodox” matches the bracketed definition.