What is the primary focus of peace education?

Peace education, as defined by UNESCO and used across international education frameworks, is the deliberate cultivation of the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed to prevent conflict and resolve disputes without violence. Its central mechanism is building communication and mutual understanding between people who hold differing or opposing views.

Applying this definition here: "Promoting dialogue" is the option that directly operationalises this mechanism — it creates the structured, two-way communication through which people in conflict come to understand each other's perspectives and interests. This is exactly the activity that peace-education programmes are built around (conflict-resolution circles, intercultural-dialogue initiatives, UNESCO's culture-of-peace work), so it is the primary focus of peace education.

Checking this against the remaining options confirms it:

• "Curriculum evaluation" is a general instructional-design and assessment activity used across all school subjects to judge how well a course meets its objectives — it is a method used in education broadly, not the defining aim of peace education specifically.

• "Expansion of conflicts" describes escalation — an increase in the scale or intensity of a dispute — which is the opposite of what peace education is designed to achieve.

• "Economic growth" is an outcome tracked in economics and development studies (growth in output of goods and services); it lies outside the pedagogical aims of peace education.

Hence, "Promoting dialogue" is confirmed as the correct answer.