Kapilendra Dev's martial expeditions expanded Orissa's dominion upto which…

Concept — A literal-comprehension question is answered from the passage as printed. The task is to locate the one sentence that carries the requested detail and read the value off it exactly, rather than supplying a fact recalled from outside reading, because the item tests reading accuracy and not background knowledge.

Application —

1. Fix what the stem asks for: a fluvial (river) boundary, and specifically the boundary in the South.

2. Scan the passage for the sentence about territorial extent: "He conquered vast territories of the southern peninsula up to the Krishna river in the south and Gulbarga in the west."

3. Split that sentence by direction. The southern limit it gives is the Krishna river; the western limit it gives is Gulbarga.

4. Match the required direction to the required kind of object: the southern limit that is a river is the Krishna, so the answer is Krishna.

Cross-check — The two traps in this sentence are the direction and the type of place-name:

• Gulbarga is offered by the passage in the same breath, but it is a town and it marks the west, so it fails both tests the stem sets.

• Godavari, Kaveri and Tungabhadra are all real peninsular rivers, but the passage never names any of them, so none can be read out of it as the southern limit.

• General histories of the Gajapati kingdom sometimes describe Kapilendra Dev’s campaigns as reaching much further south, towards the Kaveri; that wider claim is outside this passage, and a literal-comprehension item is settled by what the printed passage states — here, the Krishna.