A child who reads "dog" as "god" or "bat" as "tab" suffers from which type of…

A specific learning disability is a neurodevelopmental condition named for the exact skill it impairs. The prefix "dys-" means difficulty, and the root names the affected skill: "-lexia" (reading/words), "-graphia" (writing), "-calculia" (calculation), "-praxia" (motor planning), and "-phasia" (language). Each label targets one specific skill area, not a general learning problem.

The child's error described here — reading "dog" as "god" or "bat" as "tab" — is a letter and word reversal mistake made specifically while reading. This kind of reversal or transposition of letters and words while reading is commonly associated with dyslexia: a reading-specific learning disability that affects accurate and fluent word recognition, decoding, and spelling.

Why the other conditions do not fit:

• Dyspraxia affects motor coordination and the planning of physical movements, not the reading of written words.

• Dysgraphia affects writing and handwriting output, not the reading of words that are already printed.

• Dysphasia affects spoken language comprehension or expression, not the visual reversal of letters during reading.

Since the symptom described is specifically a reading-time letter and word reversal, dyslexia is the disability being described.