Which of the following is not a child centered method of learning?

Teaching methods are broadly classified as teacher-centered or child-centered (learner-centered), based on who is the primary active agent during learning. In a teacher-centered method, the teacher performs or explains while students mainly observe and listen. In a child-centered method, the learner is the one actively exploring, working, or pacing their own learning, with the teacher mainly acting as a facilitator.

Applying this to the given options: in Demonstration, the teacher carries out a task, skill, or experiment step by step while students watch and take notes. The learners here are not the ones performing or constructing the activity themselves, so Demonstration is teacher-centered, not child-centered.

• Field Trip: learners directly observe and interact with a real-world setting outside the classroom, actively building their own understanding through firsthand experience — a child-centered method.

• Programmed Instruction: content is presented in small, structured steps that each learner works through independently at their own pace with immediate feedback — a child-centered, individualized method.

• Project: learners plan, carry out, and complete a task or investigation largely through their own effort and initiative under teacher guidance — a child-centered method.

Therefore, Demonstration is the method that is not child-centered, while Field Trip, Programmed Instruction, and Project all place the learner at the centre of the activity.