Which of the following factors positively affects learning?

In educational psychology, factors affecting learning are classified as facilitative (factors that support acquisition and retention of new material) or inhibitory (factors that hinder engagement or encoding). Thorndike's Law of Effect and later feedback theory establish that informational feedback — knowledge of results that tells a learner what was done correctly and what needs correction — reinforces accurate responses and helps the learner self-correct, making it a facilitative factor. Readiness (maturation), motivation, and meaningfulness of content are separately established prerequisites for effective learning; their absence is a well-documented inhibitory condition.

The question asks which of the four listed factors is facilitative for learning. Applying the concept above: only one of the four — informational feedback — meets that criterion; the other three describe absences or content qualities that are established inhibitory conditions, detailed by value below.

• Meaningless content — arbitrary, unconnected material that increases cognitive load and reduces retention.

• Lack of maturation — a developmental-readiness gap; the learner is not yet equipped for the skill.

• Lack of motivation — absence of drive that reduces attention and effort toward the task.

• Informational feedback — knowledge of results that reinforces correct responses and guides correction.

This matches the official HTET 2022 (Computer Science) answer key, which records "Informational feedback" as the correct response for this item.