Which of the following is not the part of activation record?

Concept: An activation record (stack frame) is the block of storage a compiler allocates for a single procedure call. The classical runtime-environment model fixes its standard fields as actual parameters, returned value, control link, access link, saved machine status, local data, and temporaries — nothing beyond that list is a distinct field.

Application: checking each option against that standard field list —

• Actual parameters — named directly in the standard list, so this is a field of the activation record.

• Returned value — named directly in the standard list, so this is a field of the activation record.

• Saved machine status — named directly in the standard list; it holds the caller's register values, program counter, and return address needed to resume execution, so this is a field of the activation record.

• Formal parameters — not named in that list. A formal parameter is only the name a function's own code uses for an incoming value; the compiler binds that name to the storage already reserved for the actual parameter (or treats it as ordinary local data), so no separate field is ever reserved for it.

Cross-check: three of the four options map onto fields explicitly named in the standard activation-record layout; the fourth, formal parameters, maps onto no field of its own — it is only an alias for storage that already exists elsewhere in the record, never a fresh allocation.

Therefore, the item that is not part of the activation record is formal parameters.