On what basis are seats allocated to different states in the Rajya Sabha?

Concept

Article 80(2) of the Constitution assigns Rajya Sabha seats according to the Fourth Schedule. Unlike an upper house that gives every state equal representation, the Rajya Sabha gives states unequal representation broadly in proportion to population.

Application

The Fourth Schedule specifies a fixed number of seats for each state and Union Territory. Larger-population states generally receive more Rajya Sabha seats than smaller-population states; therefore, among the listed measures, the allocation basis is the population of the state.

Cross-check

• Economic performance, measured through indicators such as GSDP or per-capita income, is not used in the Fourth Schedule's seat allocation.

• Literacy rate is a demographic indicator, but it is not a criterion in the Fourth Schedule's seat allocation.

• Geographical area is not the criterion: states with a larger area do not necessarily receive more Rajya Sabha seats than more populous states.

Hence, seats in the Rajya Sabha are allocated to states on the basis of population.