What is the primary objective of the phrase “social, economic and political…

Article 38 of the Directive Principles of State Policy directs the State to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting, as effectively as it may, a social order in which justice — social, economic and political — informs all institutions of national life, and to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities among individuals and groups.

Read against this Directive Principle, the Preamble's assurance of "social, economic and political justice" sets the goal of building a welfare state that dismantles the institutional structures — caste and social hierarchies, economic disparity, and unequal access to political power — that produce inequality, rather than mandating any fixed numerical equality of wealth or result.

• "To ensure equal distribution of wealth among all citizens" wrongly reduces economic justice to identical asset holdings for every person; the Constitution instead seeks to check the concentration of wealth and ensure equitable access to resources, not an equal share of wealth for each citizen.

• "To promote religious equality among people" addresses inequality along one dimension — freedom of religion, under the Constitution's secular character — whereas the "social, economic and political justice" assurance is comprehensive, spanning income, status, facilities and opportunities across the social, economic and political institutions of national life; religious equality alone is too narrow to express this wider objective.

• "To guarantee equal outcomes for every individual" mistakes equality of status and opportunity, which the Preamble promises, for equality of outcome, which the Constitution never guarantees.

The phrase's primary objective is therefore to establish a welfare state that removes institutional inequalities across the social, economic and political spheres of national life.