Which of the following pair of Battle and their year is/are correct? I. Battle…

Concept

After the 1757 conquest of Bengal, the East India Company still ruled indirectly through puppet Nawabs. Only after defeating a combined Indian coalition — the deposed Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor himself — did the Company secure direct political and revenue control over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Verifying a pair of "battle-year" statements means checking each date independently against the documented event, not inferring one from the other.

Application

• Statement I — Battle of Buxar: fought on 22 October 1764 between the East India Company (led by Major Hector Munro) and the combined forces of Mir Qasim (the deposed Nawab of Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daula (Nawab of Awadh), and Emperor Shah Alam II. The Company's victory led directly to the 1765 Treaty of Allahabad and the grant of Diwani rights over Bengal and Bihar. The year 1764 matches the historical record — this statement is correct.

• Statement II — Battle of Plassey: fought on 23 June 1757 between Robert Clive's forces and Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal, decided chiefly by the betrayal of the Nawab's commander-in-chief, Mir Jafar. The year 1757 matches the historical record — this statement is correct.

Cross-check

The chronology is internally consistent: Plassey (1757) gave the Company its first political foothold in Bengal through intrigue, while Buxar (1764) — seven years later — confirmed that dominance by outright military victory over a stronger, combined resistance. Both dates check out independently against standard historical references (e.g. Britannica's entries on the two battles), so both statements hold.