Who has been elected for a second term as Ireland's Prime Minister?

Concept: Ireland's head of government is the Taoiseach (translated as Prime Minister), nominated by Dáil Éireann and formally appointed by the President. Under the June 2020 coalition agreement between Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and the Green Party, the office was shared on a rotating basis between the two largest coalition partners' leaders across the term of that Dáil — meaning a leader who first held the office could return to it a second time later in the same Dáil term.

1. Leo Varadkar (Fine Gael) first held the office of Taoiseach from June 2017 to June 2020.

2. Under the rotation arrangement, he handed over the office to Micheál Martin (Fianna Fáil) in June 2020.

3. On 17 December 2022, the Dáil nominated Varadkar again and President Michael D. Higgins formally appointed him Taoiseach for a second time.

• Sanna Marin served as Prime Minister of Finland (2019–2023), a different country from the one asked about.

• Robert Abela has served as Prime Minister of Malta since 2020, also a different country from the one asked about.

• Only Leo Varadkar's office history matches Ireland and a second term, so the meta-options 'more than one' and 'none' do not apply.

Result: Leo Varadkar is the leader who was elected/appointed to a second term as Ireland's Prime Minister (Taoiseach).