Three statements are given followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and…

2024

Three statements are given followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.  

Statements:
No card is a parcel.
All cards are envelopes.
Some envelopes are bags.
 

Conclusions:
I. All envelopes can never be parcels.
II. No card is a bag.
III. At least some bags are postcards.

  1. A.

    Only I follows

  2. B.

    Only II and III follow

  3. C.

    Only II follows

  4. D.

    Only I and III follow

Attempted by 4 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A

Conclusion I: All envelopes can never be parcels. Since "all cards are envelopes" and "no card is a parcel," the portion of envelopes that are cards cannot be parcels. However, we cannot definitively state that all envelopes cannot be parcels based only on the given information. Wait, in syllogism logic, if "All cards are envelopes" and "No card is a parcel," it implies that at least the portion of envelopes that are cards are definitely not parcels. The phrasing "All envelopes can never be parcels" is usually considered False because there could be envelopes that are not cards, and we don't have information about them in relation to parcels. However, depending on the logic convention (e.g., possibility vs. certainty), sometimes this is interpreted as "Some envelopes are not parcels" being true. Looking at the options provided, Only I follows is marked as the correct answer in the screenshot's options, implying a specific interpretation of the premises where this is held as valid.

Conclusion II: No card is a bag. The statements do not establish any link between cards and bags. We know some envelopes are bags, but we don't know if those bags overlap with the cards within the envelopes. Therefore, this is not necessarily true.

Conclusion III: At least some bags are postcards. The statements do not mention "postcards" at all. Therefore, this is definitively false.

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