Direction : A number arrangement machine when given an input line of numbers…

2021

Direction : A number arrangement machine when given an input line of numbers rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and rearrangement:
Input:84629 57426 76932 27483 49853 62434
Step I:273 84629 57426 76932 49853 62434
Step II: 53 273 84629 57426 76932 62434
Step III:572 53 273 84629 76932 62434
Step IV:23 572 53 273 84629 76932
Step V:732 23 572 53 273 84629
Step VI:2 732 23 572 53 273
Step VI is the last step of the given arrangement. Based on the given logic, rearrange the given input.
Input: 63825 49857 38679 72548 45328 95763

What is the smallest number in the penultimate step of the given input?

  1. A.

    32

  2. B.

    37

  3. C.

    57

  4. D.

    325

  5. E.

    None of these

Attempted by 1 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

Concept

In an input-rearrangement machine, you must first decode the single fixed rule from the worked illustration, then replay it on the new input. Read the illustration as: at every step one source number is consumed and a shorter number is pushed to the front of the line.

The governing rule here: at each step the machine takes the smallest still-unprocessed 5-digit number, keeps only its prime digits (2, 3, 5, 7) in their original left-to-right order, and places that shortened number at the front.

Why this rule (read from the illustration)

Process the original numbers in ascending order and keep only prime digits:

  1. 27483 (smallest) keeps 2, 7, 3 → 273

  2. 49853 keeps 5, 3 → 53

  3. 57426 keeps 5, 7, 2 → 572

  4. 62434 keeps 2, 3 → 23

  5. 76932 keeps 7, 3, 2 → 732

  6. 84629 (largest) keeps 2 → 2

Pushing each result to the front in that order reproduces Step I through Step VI of the illustration exactly, which confirms the rule.

Application to the new input

Input: 63825, 49857, 38679, 72548, 45328, 95763. Ascending order of processing: 38679 < 45328 < 49857 < 63825 < 72548 < 95763. Their prime-digit forms are 37, 532, 57, 325, 725 and 573 respectively. Inserting each at the front step by step:

  1. Step I: 37 63825 49857 72548 45328 95763

  2. Step II: 532 37 63825 49857 72548 95763

  3. Step III: 57 532 37 63825 72548 95763

  4. Step IV: 325 57 532 37 72548 95763

  5. Step V: 725 325 57 532 37 95763

  6. Step VI: 573 725 325 57 532 37

Result

Step VI is the last step, so the penultimate step is Step V: 725, 325, 57, 532, 37, 95763. The smallest number in that line is 37.

Cross-check

In Step V only the largest source number, 95763, is still unconverted (it is processed last, in Step VI). Among the five converted values, the two-digit ones are 57 and 37, and 37 is smaller than 57, so 37 is indeed the minimum of the line.

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