According to the Census of 2011, which of the following states has the highest…

Population density is the number of persons living per unit area, usually expressed as persons per square kilometre (population ÷ land area). A state's density depends on BOTH how many people live there AND how large its land area is — a state need not have the largest total population to have the highest density, since a smaller land area concentrates the same population more tightly.

As per the 2011 Census, the population density figures for the four states listed here are:

Among these four, Jharkhand's 414 persons/km² is the highest — its relatively compact land area concentrates its population more densely than the larger land areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra, and its total population is large enough to edge past small, densely-urbanised Goa.

Cross-check: the all-India average density in 2011 was about 382 persons/km². Jharkhand (414) sits above this average while Gujarat (308) and Maharashtra (365) sit below it, confirming Jharkhand as the densest of the four options. (Nationally, states such as Bihar and West Bengal recorded even higher densities, but neither appears among the options offered here.)