Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding software metrics…

Concept: Software metrics fall into two categories. Direct measures are quantities read straight off the process or product without any derivation — cost, effort, lines of code (LOC) produced, execution speed, memory size, and defects logged over a period. Indirect measures are quantities that cannot be observed on their own and must be computed or inferred from other measurements — functionality, quality, complexity, efficiency, reliability, and maintainability.

Application: Statement I calls functionality, quality, and efficiency “direct” measures, but these are exactly the inferred properties that define the indirect category, so Statement I has the classification reversed. Statement II calls lines of code, execution speed, and memory size “indirect” measures, but these are exactly the properties collected straight from the product without any derivation, so Statement II also has the classification reversed.

• “Only I” and “Both I and II” both need Statement I to hold — it does not, since functionality, quality, and efficiency belong to the indirect category, not the direct one.

• “Only II” and “Both I and II” both need Statement II to hold — it does not, since lines of code, execution speed, and memory size belong to the direct category, not the indirect one.

Cross-check: a quick test for the category is whether a quantity can be counted or timed on its own (direct) or whether it needs a formula or judgement built from other data (indirect). Lines of code, execution time, and memory size pass the “count or time it directly” test, while functionality, quality, and efficiency only emerge after combining or evaluating several underlying measurements — confirming both statements swapped the categories.

Result: since both statements misclassify their examples, neither statement is correct.