Let relation R2 has a ‘foreign key’ that refers to primary key of relation R1.…

2022

Let relation R2 has a ‘foreign key’ that refers to primary key of relation R1. Which of the following operation may cause violation of referential integrity constraints?

  1. A.

    Insertion of new tuple into R2

  2. B.

    Deletion of tuple from R1

  3. C.

    Both option (A) and option (B)

  4. D.

    Neither option (A) nor option (B)

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Correct answer: C

Referential integrity ensures that a foreign key in one relation must match a primary key in another relation.

Insertion into R2: When inserting a new tuple into R2, the foreign key value must exist in R1's primary key. If it does not, the insertion violates referential integrity.

Deletion from R1: When deleting a tuple from R1, if that tuple is referenced by a foreign key in R2, the reference becomes invalid. This creates a dangling reference, violating referential integrity.

Therefore, both operations can cause referential integrity violations.

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