Which of the following is NOT an approach of database design in database…

Concept

Conceptual database design can proceed in different directions. A top-down method decomposes an overall view, a bottom-up method integrates elementary data components, an inside-out method expands from core entities, and a mixed method combines strategies.

Application

Compare each offered term with the direction it describes:

• Top-down approach: moves from organization-wide requirements toward entities, attributes, and relationships.

• Bottom-up approach: moves from elementary data items and attributes toward integrated entities and a larger schema.

• Inside-out approach: starts with central entities and grows the schema by adding related entities and relationships.

• Up-down approach: blends opposite directional words but does not specify one of the established conceptual-design strategies.

Cross-check

The established list accounts for top-down, bottom-up, inside-out, and mixed strategies. Of the terms offered here, only “up-down approach” is absent from that list. Therefore, the approach that is NOT a database-design approach is up-down approach.