Which of the following algorithms is used to solve the critical section…

Concept

The critical-section problem requires a synchronization mechanism that guarantees three properties for processes sharing a resource: mutual exclusion (at most one process inside the critical section), progress (a waiting process eventually enters), and bounded waiting (no starvation). A general solution must hold for an arbitrary number of processes, n, not just two.

Applying it here

The Bakery algorithm (Lamport, 1974) gives a classic software solution that works for any number of processes n. Each process that wants to enter the critical section draws a numbered token, much like customers taking tickets at a bakery counter. The process holding the lowest token enters first; ties are broken deterministically by process id. Because every entrant gets a strictly ordered ticket, mutual exclusion, progress, and bounded waiting all hold for n processes without special hardware.

Why the other choices fail

• Peterson's algorithm: a correct critical-section solution, but defined only for exactly two processes; it does not generalise to n processes on its own.

• Moore algorithm: there is no established critical-section technique by this name; it is more commonly associated with the Moore finite-state-machine model in sequential-circuit and automata theory, unrelated to process synchronization.

• Banker's algorithm: a deadlock-avoidance method that decides whether a resource request keeps the system in a safe state; it does not provide mutual exclusion for a critical section.