Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and other as…
2026
Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Object Oriented Programming follows bottom-up approach.
Reason (R): Most of the design work is done at the beginning of software development of object oriented methodology.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A.
(A) is true but (R) is false
- B.
(A) is false but (R) is true
- C.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- D.
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Attempted by 3 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Concept
In an Assertion-Reason item, the Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are each checked for truth independently first; only when both are true does it make sense to ask whether R is the correct causal explanation of A. On the software-engineering side, structured/procedural design is conventionally described as top-down (the whole system is decomposed into modules first), while object-oriented development is conventionally described as bottom-up (the system is assembled by first identifying and building the objects/classes and then composing them upward).
Application
Checking (A): Object-oriented development starts by identifying real-world entities as classes and objects and builds the complete application by composing these lower-level units upward. This bottom-up character is exactly the standard contrast drawn against structured programming's top-down decomposition, so (A) is true.
Checking (R): Object-oriented analysis and design is characteristically iterative and incremental — requirements, design, and implementation activities overlap and repeat across iterations, with the design model refined throughout the life cycle rather than being settled at the outset. Concentrating "most of the design work" at the beginning instead describes a front-loaded, top-down (waterfall-style) process, not object-oriented methodology. So (R), as stated, is false.
Cross-check
"(A) is false but (R) is true" fails because (A) is in fact true — object orientation is the bottom-up paradigm, not the top-down one.
"Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)" fails at its first premise — (R) is not true for an iterative object-oriented life cycle.
"Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)" also fails at the same premise — (R) itself does not hold, so there is nothing left for it to explain or fail to explain.
Result
Since (A) is true and (R) is false, the correct code is: (A) is true but (R) is false.