A RAM chip has a capacity of 1024 words of 8 bits each (1k×8). The number of…

To construct a 16×16 RAM using 1k×8 RAM chips, follow these steps:

Step 1: Determine the total memory requirement. The target RAM is 16×16, meaning 16 words of 16 bits each, totaling 256 bits.

Step 2: Each 1k×8 RAM chip provides 1024 words of 8 bits, totaling 8192 bits. However, we need only 256 bits, so we use a subset of chips.

Step 3: To achieve 16 bits per word, use two 1k×8 chips in parallel for each word, providing 16 bits (8 bits from each chip).

Step 4: To address 16 words, we need to select the appropriate chip group. Since each chip group handles 1 word, we need 16 such groups.

Step 5: Use 2×4 decoders to decode the address lines. Each 2×4 decoder can select 4 out of 4 outputs. To address 16 groups, we need multiple decoders in a hierarchical setup.

Step 6: Calculate the number of 2×4 decoders required. For 16 groups, we need 4 decoders in the first level and 1 in the second level, totaling 5 decoders.