How many cards must be selected from a standard deck of 52 cards to guarantee…

2019

How many cards must be selected from a standard deck of 52 cards to guarantee that at least three hearts are present among them?

  1. A.

    9

  2. B.

    13

  3. C.

    17

  4. D.

    42

Attempted by 173 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

Key idea: use the worst-case (pigeonhole) argument: find the largest number of cards you can draw while having at most two hearts.

  • There are 13 hearts and 39 non-hearts in a 52-card deck.

  • In the worst case you could draw all 39 non-heart cards and additionally draw 2 hearts, totaling 41 cards and still having only two hearts.

  • Therefore, drawing one more card (the 42nd) must produce a third heart. So 42 cards are required to guarantee at least three hearts.

Answer: 42

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