IP datagram has arrived with following partial information in the header (in…

2023

IP datagram has arrived with following partial information in the header (in hexadecimal)
45000054000300002006……
How many more routers can the packet travel to?

  1. A.

    22

  2. B.

    26

  3. C.

    30

  4. D.

    32

Attempted by 192 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

Solution:

Step 1: Write the header bytes in sequence
45 00 00 54 00 03 00 00 20 06 …

Step 2: Recall IPv4 Header Field Positions

Byte Position

Field

1st byte

Version + IHL

2nd byte

Type of Service

3rd–4th bytes

Total Length

5th–6th bytes

Identification

7th–8th bytes

Flags + Fragment Offset

9th byte

Time To Live (TTL)

10th byte

Protocol

Step 3: Identify the TTL Field

From the header:

45 | 00 | 00 54 | 00 03 | 00 00 | 20 | 06

So,

TTL = 20 (Hexadecimal)

Step 4: Convert TTL from Hexadecimal to Decimal

20 (Hex) = 2 × 16 + 0 = 32

So,

TTL = 32

Step 5: Interpret TTL Meaning

TTL indicates the maximum number of routers (hops) the packet can pass through.
Each router decreases TTL by 1.

Therefore, the packet can still travel through 32 routers before being discarded.

Final Answer:
The packet can travel 32 more routers (hops).

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