Match the following: List I List II (i) Ethernet (a) Deterministic (ii) Token…

Concept: a "match the following" networking item like this is decided by definitions, not by elimination — each List I term has one standard, defining property. Three definitions carry the whole item:

• Medium-access determinism: a medium-access-control (MAC) method is called deterministic when it guarantees every station a bounded, collision-free turn. Token passing does this — a station transmits only while it holds the token — whereas contention-based access such as CSMA/CD leaves the access delay unbounded, because a collision can always force another back-off.

• Switching latency: a switching method is classified by how much of an incoming frame it buffers before forwarding. Cut-through switching begins forwarding as soon as it has read the destination address, so the frame leaves the switch at the line rate — the full wire speed. Store-and-forward instead buffers the whole frame and verifies its FCS first, adding one frame time of latency.

• Loop elimination: the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is what bridges and switches run to discover redundant Layer-2 paths and block them, so a physically redundant topology still carries a single loop-free forwarding tree.

Application. Apply each definition to the List I term it defines:

1. Token Ring uses token-passing medium access: a station may transmit only after it holds the token, so channel access time is bounded and predictable for every station. That is precisely what "deterministic" means, so (ii) Token Ring takes (a) Deterministic.

2. A cut-through switch reads only the destination address at the head of an incoming frame and immediately starts forwarding it out the destination port, without buffering or checking the rest. The frame therefore moves at the full transmission rate of the wire, so (iii) Cut-through switch takes (b) Utilizes the full wire speed.

3. The Spanning Tree Protocol runs among bridges and switches specifically to detect and block the redundant paths that would otherwise create Layer-2 loops, so (iv) Spanning tree takes (c) Prevents looping.

4. Ethernet is a contention (CSMA/CD) technology, so it is not the deterministic entry, and it is neither a switching method nor a loop-elimination protocol. What every Ethernet station does do is examine a received frame’s destination MAC address and accept or discard the frame on that basis, so (i) Ethernet takes (d) Checks valid address.

Cross-check. Reading the assignment back the other way, each List II property lands on the one term whose definition it states:

All four List II properties are consumed once each, and no property fits a second term under its standard definition, so the assignment is forced. This gives the code: i – d, ii – a, iii – b, iv – c.