In the following passage, some of the words / sentences have been left out,…
2025
In the following passage, some of the words / sentences have been left out, each of which is indicated by a letter. Find the suitable word / sentence from the options given against each letter and fill up the blanks with appropriate words / sentences to make the paragraph meaningful.
The layer of ozone helps _____ 1 _____ the harmful ultraviolet rays away from entering the Earth’s atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion over the years has _____ 2 _____ in ozone hole formation through which harmful radiations can now enter the atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion has many _____ 3 _____ effects including cancer risks. These wavelengths can harm plants and animals and also cause skin cancer, sunburn, and cataracts in humans. The problem is very _____ 4 _____ indeed and has rightly generated global concern. These concerns led to the _____ 5 _____ of the Montreal Protocol in the year 1987. This protocol bans the production of ozone-depleting chemicals like CFCs and halons. Ozone depletion refers to a steady _____ 6 _____ in the total amount of ozone present in the Earth’s atmosphere or the ozone layer. It can also be described as a much larger decrease in stratospheric ozone around the polar regions of the Earth. The second phenomenon is termed as the ozone hole. In addition to these stratospheric events, there are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events. _____ 7 _____ . These compounds enter the stratosphere after being emitted at the surface where these compounds release halogen atoms by a process called photo dissociation. _____ 8 _____ . The main cause of ozone layer depletion is the indiscriminate use of CFCs, which are chlorine-based substances. These are widely used in several manufacturing plants, refrigerants and aerosols. _____ 9 _____ . Just one atom of chlorine can destroy around 100, 000 molecules of ozone. Wind blows the CFCs up into the stratosphere. Ozone molecules are already unstable. The chlorine atoms in the CFCs react with the ozone molecules, which break down resulting in the formation of an oxygen molecule and a single free-floating oxygen atom. _____ 10 _____ . However, chlorine in other places such as swimming pools does not pose any danger.
Find the appropriate word in case 5
(question no 6 to 15 are linked together )
- A.
Fascination
- B.
Utilization
- C.
Adoption
- D.
Adaptation
Attempted by 4 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept: In a vocabulary-based cloze test, the right word must match the exact meaning and collocation of the surrounding sentence, not just be loosely related to the topic. The formal acceptance of an international treaty or protocol's text by negotiating countries is described in English using the word “adoption” (as in “the adoption of a resolution/protocol”) — this is distinct from the treaty later “entering into force.” Words meaning interest, use, or gradual change do not carry this sense.
Application: The sentence reads, “These concerns led to the _____ of the Montreal Protocol in the year 1987.” This describes the formal adoption of the Montreal Protocol's text by world leaders in 1987 (the protocol later entered into force in 1989). The word that matches this exact meaning is “Adoption,” giving: “These concerns led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in the year 1987.”
Cross-check against the other options:
“Fascination” denotes strong interest or attraction — out of context for a formal legal/political action.
“Utilization” denotes making use of something already in place — it does not describe how a protocol comes to be accepted.
“Adaptation” denotes gradual adjustment or modification — it does not describe a one-time formal acceptance.
This confirms “Adoption” is the correct word for blank 5.