Statements: All styles are fonts. Some reviews are fonts. All views are…

2024

Statements: All styles are fonts. Some reviews are fonts. All views are reviews. No clip is font.

Conclusions:

I. All clips being reviews is a possibility

II. Some views are not clips

  1. A.

    only 1st follows

  2. B.

    only 2nd follows

  3. C.

    either 1st or 2nd

  4. D.

    neither 1st nor 2nd

Attempted by 12 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A

In syllogisms, a conclusion marked as a 'possibility' is valid if at least one Venn diagram consistent with all the given statements makes it true — it need not hold in every diagram. A conclusion that is NOT marked as a possibility, by contrast, is valid only if it holds in every diagram consistent with the statements; if even one valid diagram makes it false, that conclusion does not follow.

How this applies here:

  1. From the statements: styles are entirely inside fonts; reviews and fonts share at least one common member ('some reviews are fonts'), which leaves room for a part of the review circle to lie outside fonts; views are entirely inside reviews; and clips share no member with fonts at all.

  2. Because a part of reviews can lie outside fonts, draw one valid diagram with the entire clip circle placed inside that non-font part of the review circle — every statement still holds, and in this diagram 'all clips are reviews' is true, so conclusion I is a genuine possibility.

  3. In that same diagram, draw the clip circle to also coincide exactly with the view circle (both fully inside the non-font part of reviews) — this remains consistent with 'all views are reviews' and 'no clip is font'. In this diagram every view is a clip, so 'some views are not clips' is false here.

  4. Since conclusion II fails in at least one diagram that satisfies every statement, it is not forced to be true in all cases, so it does not follow.

Cross-check: an either-or relationship between two conclusions only applies when they share the identical subject-predicate pair in an all/some-not or some/no split. Conclusion I (clips–reviews) and conclusion II (views–clips) involve different term pairs, so no either-or reading applies between them either.

Result: only conclusion I follows.

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