Direction: Read the passage carefully, choose the appropriate word from the…

2024

Direction: Read the passage carefully, choose the appropriate word from the given alternatives, and fill in the blank.

In September 2015, the leaders of 193 countries agreed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – the most (1)….plan ever to promote human development – by 2030. Nearly two years into the process, there are plenty of reasons for concern: the amount of financing raised so far is unlikely to be sufficient, and not all countries have (2)….data to measure progress on the ground. It is enough to test even the most diehard (3)….But there is still plenty of reason for hope. I recently visited Colombia, which, at long last, is leaving behind its decades-long civil conflict with the (4)….Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and setting itself up for SDG success. In any country, achieving the SDGs will require government, business, aid agencies, multilateral banks, and civil society to work together, adopt flexible approaches, share knowledge, measure progress effectively, and recognize that the various targets are interconnected. Colombia seems to understand this, and is (5)….an (6)…. approach that leverages the strengths of each actor. Start with government. According to Colombia’s finance minister, Mauricio Cárdenas Santamaría, the country is localizing the SDGs through the planning department, using the SDG framework to guide reforms relating to the implementation of the peace agreement with the FARC, OECD (7)…., the National Development Plan, and the Paris climate agreement. Meanwhile, Cárdenas points out, Colombia’s policymakers are taking care to highlight the benefits of these efforts – in areas ranging from health care and education to employment – for the public. They recognize that a top-down approach will not work: to achieve the SDGs, all levels of the government, economy, and society must feel connected to the goals, understanding the (8)….impact that achieving them will have. To get business on board, the Bogotá Chamber of Commerce, led by Monica de Greiff, is raising awareness of the SDGs among its 640,000 members and providing skills training in sectors like construction and health care. The aim is to achieve the SDGs’ targets while increasing the economy’s overall competitiveness. The good news is that, as Bruce MacMaster of the Bogotá-based business advocacy and think tank ANDI noted, businesses have a strong incentive to (9)….the gains of the peace process, especially in remote areas that have (10)….been cut off from government services. And, indeed, in Medellín, once the illicit drug capital of the world, the leaders of small and large businesses with whom I met are already integrating the SDGs into their business plans and supply chains.

Find the appropriate word for blank (10).

Answer: E. traditionally — ConceptIn a cloze test, syntax first identifies the part of speech required by a blank, while context selects the word whose meaning fits the sentence. An…

  1. A.

    partitioned

  2. B.

    halves

  3. C.

    astonishing

  4. D.

    atypical

  5. E.

    traditionally

Attempted by 1 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: E

Concept

In a cloze test, syntax first identifies the part of speech required by a blank, while context selects the word whose meaning fits the sentence.

An adverb can modify a verb phrase and can describe how, when, or under what customary pattern an action has occurred.

Application

  1. The relevant clause is: ‘remote areas that have ___ been cut off from government services.’

  2. The blank appears inside the passive verb phrase ‘have been cut off’ and modifies the established pattern of being cut off, so an adverb is required.

  3. ‘Traditionally’ is the offered adverb and means ‘by long-established practice or pattern,’ which gives the intended sense of historically persistent isolation.

Contrast

  • ‘Partitioned’ describes something divided into sections; it is not an adverbial modifier.

  • ‘Halves’ denotes two equal parts or the act of dividing by two; it does not supply the required manner or customary-pattern modifier.

  • ‘Astonishing’ describes something that causes surprise; it is adjectival here.

  • ‘Atypical’ describes something unusual or unrepresentative; it is adjectival here.

  • ‘Traditionally’ supplies an adverbial meaning of a long-established pattern.

Cross-check

Substitution gives: ‘remote areas that have traditionally been cut off from government services.’ The grammar is complete, and the meaning matches the passage’s reference to long-standing lack of access.

Therefore, the appropriate word is ‘traditionally’.

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