In March 2025, who launched the 'Cities Coalition for Circularity’, a…

Concept: A country launches a multi-nation city alliance (a coalition of cities across several countries) when its government ministry wants to institutionalise city-to-city knowledge-sharing, capacity-building, and private-sector partnerships toward a shared urban-policy goal — here, the transition to circular and resource-efficient urban development. Identifying the launching country means matching the specific alliance to its official government announcement, not to any country generally active on environmental themes.

Application: On 3 March 2025, India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, through Union Minister Manohar Lal, launched the ‘Cities Coalition for Circularity’ (C-3) as a multi-nation, city-led alliance for city-to-city collaboration, knowledge-sharing, and private-sector partnerships in pursuit of sustainable and circular urban development. This is confirmed by official Press Information Bureau (Government of India) releases covering the launch.

Cross-check — why the other options do not fit:

• France is linked internationally to the Paris Climate Agreement and broader UN climate-finance platforms, not to launching this coalition.

• Japan runs its own circular-economy platform, the Regional 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Forum in Asia and the Pacific, which is a separate initiative from this coalition.

• Canada co-founded the G7 Ocean Plastics Charter, again a distinct multi-country initiative from this coalition.

Result: The country that launched the ‘Cities Coalition for Circularity’ in March 2025 is India.