In which of the following countries is investment in research and innovation,…
2022
In which of the following countries is investment in research and innovation, as a percentage of GDP, the lowest?
Answer: A. India — ConceptResearch intensity is commonly compared using gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP. Because the measure…
- A.
India
- B.
South Korea
- C.
Israel
- D.
USA
Attempted by 6 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Concept
Research intensity is commonly compared using gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP. Because the measure is normalized by GDP, countries of different economic sizes can be compared on the same scale.
A lower percentage means that a smaller share of national output is devoted to R&D; it does not necessarily mean that the country spends the smallest absolute amount.
Application
India’s R&D intensity is below 1% of GDP in the relevant international series, while the United States is above 3% and South Korea and Israel are around 5% or higher.
Contrast
India: below 1% of GDP.
South Korea: around 5% of GDP.
Israel: above 5% of GDP.
United States: above 3% of GDP.
Therefore, among the listed countries, India has the lowest research and innovation investment as a percentage of GDP.