Which one of the following is not included under in situ conservation?

Concept

In-situ conservation protects species within the natural habitats and ecological processes in which they occur.

Ex-situ conservation moves organisms or germplasm to managed settings outside their natural habitats, such as botanical gardens, zoos or gene banks.

Application

Classify each named setting by whether it preserves organisms in their natural habitat or in a managed setting outside it:

• A botanical garden maintains cultivated and labelled plant collections in a managed site outside the plants’ natural habitats; it is an ex-situ setting.

• A national park protects ecosystems, habitats and their species within a legally protected natural area; it is an in-situ setting.

• A wildlife sanctuary protects wild animals and their habitats within a notified natural area; it is an in-situ setting.

• Therefore only one named setting falls outside in-situ conservation, so the “more than one” assertion does not apply.

• Because one named setting is ex-situ, the “none” assertion does not apply.

Cross-check

Use the habitat-location test: national parks and wildlife sanctuaries retain species where their natural communities occur, whereas botanical gardens maintain selected plants under human-managed conditions away from those habitats.

Thus, Botanical Garden is not included under in-situ conservation.