Who developed ‘Sociometry’ for personality measurement?

Sociometry is a technique in educational psychology used to measure and map interpersonal relationships within a group — recording who each member prefers, avoids, or is indifferent to — so that patterns of social acceptance and rejection can be visualised, typically through a sociogram.

This method of studying group relationships and social choices was introduced by Moreno in the 1930s, making Moreno the originator this question asks about.

• Morgan (Christiana D. Morgan) is associated with the Thematic Apperception Test, a projective test of personality built on interpreting responses to ambiguous pictures — a different assessment method altogether.

• Woodworth (Robert S. Woodworth) devised the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet, an early self-report personality inventory using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire — not a technique for mapping group relationships.

• Galton (Francis Galton) is remembered for pioneering statistical methods for studying individual differences broadly, decades before this particular technique was formulated, and is not linked to it.