According to Woodworth, which of the following is NOT a dimension of memory?

Concept

Woodworth described memory as operating through a set of elements/processes by which learned material is stored and made available again later: retention (holding on to what was learned), recall (reproducing it without the original material present), and recognition (identifying it correctly when it reappears). These three are the standard dimensions of memory in educational psychology.

Application to this question

The question asks for the ONE option that is NOT a dimension of memory. Checking each option against Woodworth's set: Retention, Recall, and Recognition all match Woodworth's listed elements of memory. Reasoning does not appear in that set at all -- it is the process of drawing conclusions through logic, which belongs to thinking and problem-solving, a separate cognitive function from memory.

Cross-check

• Retention: holding learned material in the mind over time -- a memory element.

• Recall: reproducing retained material without the stimulus present -- a memory element.

• Recognition: identifying retained material when it reappears -- a memory element.

• Reasoning: drawing logical conclusions/inferences -- a thinking process, not a memory element.

Conclusion

Since Retention, Recall, and Recognition are all genuine dimensions of memory and Reasoning is not, Reasoning is the option that is not a dimension of memory.