One central foundation for development of environmental knowledge, values and…

Correct answer: nature experiences.

Why this is the best choice:

• Direct sensory contact with plants, animals and ecosystems builds accurate environmental knowledge.

• Emotional connection and personal relevance develop more readily through real experiences in nature, supporting value formation and motivation to act.

• Nature-based activities provide authentic contexts for applying knowledge and practicing responsible actions.

• Learning that combines observation, interaction and reflection in natural settings improves retention and transfers to pro-environmental behavior.

Teaching implications: How to support nature experiences in education

• Organize regular outdoor lessons, field trips and nature walks.

• Establish school gardens, habitat restoration projects or outdoor classrooms for hands-on engagement.

• Combine outdoor experiences with classroom reflection, interdisciplinary activities and community-based projects.

• Use citizen-science and monitoring tasks to link observation to action and stewardship.