In the following question below are given some statements followed by some…

2021

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements. Statements : I. All cat are beautiful. II. No peacock is cat. Conclusions : I. All beautiful are cat. II. All peacock are beautiful. III. All cat are peacock.

  1. A.

    Only conclusion I follows

  2. B.

    Neither conclusion follows

  3. C.

    Both conclusions II and III follows

  4. D.

    All conclusion follows

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Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

In categorical syllogisms, a universal affirmative ("All A are B") only converts to a particular statement ("Some B are A") — never back to "All B are A" — and a universal negative ("No X is Y") rules out any claim that would place every member of X inside Y unless the statements say so directly. A conclusion is valid only when it follows from the given statements alone, with no assumed extra fact.

  1. Conclusion I, "All beautiful are cat", reverses statement I ("All cat are beautiful") into a full conversion. Since "All A are B" only permits "Some B are A", this reversal is not something the statements guarantee, so it does not follow.

  2. Conclusion II, "All peacock are beautiful", would need a stated or inferable link between peacock and beautiful. Statement II only says no peacock is a cat; it says nothing about peacock and beautiful, so this conclusion is unsupported and does not follow.

  3. Conclusion III, "All cat are peacock", would place every cat inside peacock, but statement II says no peacock is a cat at all — the two sets are disjoint. This conclusion directly contradicts statement II, so it does not follow.

  • "Only conclusion I follows" fails because conclusion I is itself an invalid conversion, not a valid one.

  • "Both conclusions II and III follow" fails because conclusion II lacks any supporting link and conclusion III contradicts statement II outright.

  • "All conclusion follows" fails for the same three reasons above — every one of the three conclusions breaks a syllogism rule.

Since none of the three conclusions can be drawn from the statements, the correct choice is the option stating that no conclusion follows.

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