______ is a process of lifting the process from memory and placing it on disk.

Concept

Swapping is a memory-management technique in which the operating system moves an entire process between main memory (RAM) and a backing store on disk. Moving a process out of RAM onto disk is called swapping out (swap-out); bringing it back from disk into RAM is called swapping in (swap-in).

Application

The stem describes lifting a whole process from memory and placing it on disk. Matching this to the definition above, transferring a complete process from RAM to disk is precisely the swap-out operation, so the answer is Swapping out. It temporarily frees physical RAM for other processes while the swapped-out process waits on disk.

Cross-check / Contrast

• Paging moves fixed-size pages (not whole processes) between RAM and disk on demand, so it does not match “lifting the process.”

• Swapping in is the reverse direction (disk → RAM), which contradicts the “memory → disk” direction in the stem.

• Thrashing is a performance state (excessive paging with little useful work), not an act of moving a process to disk.