Which UNIX/Linux command is used to make all files and sub-directories in the…

Correct command: chmod -R a+x progs

• -R (recursive): apply the permission change to progs and all files and subdirectories inside it.

• a+x: add the execute bit for all users (owner, group, others). This makes files and directories executable by all users.

• Be careful with syntax: use a standard ASCII hyphen (-) before R and no stray characters so the shell interprets the option correctly.

• Caveat and safer alternative: chmod -R a+x progs will make every file executable which may be undesirable. To add execute only to directories (and to files that already have an execute bit), use chmod -R a+X progs. To set execute only on directories explicitly, you can use a find-based command like:

• find progs -type d -exec chmod a+x {} +