Which of the following are impacts of hydroelectric power plant? A.…

Answer: The impacts are Land-degradation, Micro-seismicity, Green House Gas Emission, and Water Pollution. Smog Formation is not a typical impact of hydroelectric power plants.

• Land-degradation: Reservoir creation and construction inundate land, alter landscapes, cause habitat loss, and change sediment transport.

• Micro-seismicity: Large reservoirs can induce seismic events due to increased water pressure and weight on faults (reservoir-induced seismicity).

• Green House Gas Emission: Decomposition of submerged vegetation and organic matter in reservoirs can produce methane and CO2, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.

• Water Pollution: Stagnant water, changes in temperature and oxygen levels, and nutrient buildup can lead to reduced water quality and eutrophication.

Note on smog: Smog formation is primarily associated with air pollutants from combustion sources (e.g., NOx and volatile organic compounds) and atmospheric conditions. Hydroelectric plants do not typically emit the precursors in quantities or forms that cause smog formation.