Which of the following is not associated with the session layer ?

Answer: Semantics of the information transmitted is not associated with the session layer.

Explanation: The session layer is responsible for managing dialogues and sessions between applications, including control and coordination tasks. The semantics (meaning, representation, translation, encryption, compression) of the data is the responsibility of the presentation layer.

• Dialog control: Manages start, maintenance, and termination of communication sessions.

• Token management: Controls which party may transmit to avoid conflicts in multi-party or half-duplex sessions.

• Synchronization: Inserts checkpoints or recovery points to enable recovery from failures during a session.

• Semantics of the information transmitted: Handled by the presentation layer (data representation, translation, encryption, compression), so it is not a session-layer function.