Which of the following is software that locks data files and demands a…

Concept

Malware is classified by its primary behaviour and delivery mechanism. One class restricts access to a device or its data and couples that restriction with an extortion demand.

This behaviour is distinct from covert surveillance, condition-triggered execution, or deceptive delivery of another payload.

Application

The stem describes data files being locked and a monetary payment being demanded to restore access. That combination of access restriction and extortion is the defining behaviour of ransomware.

Contrast

• Spyware covertly monitors activity or gathers information; surveillance is its defining purpose.

• A logic bomb executes when a specified condition or time is reached; the trigger mechanism defines it.

• A Trojan horse disguises malicious code as legitimate software; deceptive installation defines it.

Cross-check

Only ransomware combines denial of access with a ransom demand, while the other choices describe different malware behaviours.

Result

The software described is ransomware.