List I mentions the four valid means of knowledge as given by Gautama, while…
2020
List I mentions the four valid means of knowledge as given by Gautama, while List II gives their descriptions. Match List I with List II:
List I (Valid Means of Knowledge)
(A) Perception
(B) Inference
(C) Comparison
(D) Verbal testimony
List II (Description)
(I) Cognition which presupposes some other cognition
(II) Knowledge of the relation between a word and its denotation
(III) Statement of a trustworthy person and understanding its meaning
(IV) Non-erroneous cognition produced by the interaction of sense organs with objects
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- A.
(A)-(I), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
- B.
(A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
- C.
(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
- D.
(A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
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Correct answer: B
In Nyaya philosophy, the valid means of knowledge include perception, inference, comparison and verbal testimony. Perception is non-erroneous cognition produced through the interaction of sense organs with objects, so A-IV. Inference is cognition that follows or presupposes another cognition, so B-I. Comparison or Upamana gives knowledge of the relation between a word and its denotation, so C-II. Verbal testimony or Shabda is the statement of a trustworthy person and understanding its meaning, so D-III. Therefore, the correct matching is (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III).