Read the following passage and answer the question that follows: One…
2023
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
One well-known description of parenting styles is based on the research of Diane Baumrind. Her early work focused on a careful longitudinal study of 100 (mostly European American, middle class) preschool children. Through observation of children and parents and interviews with parents, Baumrind and the other researchers who built on her findings identified four parenting styles based on the parents' high or low levels of warmth and control.
Authoritative parents (high warmth, high control) set clear limits, enforce rules, and expect mature behavior. But they are warm with their children. They listen to concerns, give reasons for rules and allow more democratic decision making. There is less strict punishment and more guidance. Parents help children think through the consequences of their actions.
Authoritarian parents (low warmth, high control) seem cold and controlling in their interactions with their children. The children are expected to be mature and to do what the parent says, ‘Because I said so.’ There is not much talk about emotions. Punishments are strict, but not abusive. The parents love their children, but they are not openly affectionate.
Permissive parents (high warmth, low control) are warm and nurturing, but they have few rules or consequences for their children and expect little in the way of mature behavior because ‘They are just kids.’
Rejecting/Neglecting/uninvolved parents (low warmth, low control) don't seem to care at all and can't be bothered with controlling, communicating or teaching their children.
Authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parents love their children and are trying to do their best; they simply have different ideas about the best ways to parent.
Authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parents have:
Answer: C. Dissimilar parenting styles — ConceptA classification compares items along a stated set of dimensions. Items belong to the same style only when their defining pattern on those dimensions…
- A.
Similar parenting styles
- B.
Highly aggressive parenting style
- C.
Dissimilar parenting styles
- D.
Highly mild parenting style
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept
A classification compares items along a stated set of dimensions. Items belong to the same style only when their defining pattern on those dimensions is substantially alike.
Here the governing dimensions are warmth and control, so the profiles must be compared as ordered pairs rather than by a single trait.
Application
Authoritarian parenting has low warmth and high control; authoritative parenting has high warmth and high control; permissive parenting has high warmth and low control. These three warmth-control profiles are different.
Contrast
Similar parenting styles would require substantially alike warmth-control profiles, which the three profiles do not have.
Highly aggressive parenting is not the passage’s classification axis; the passage uses warmth and control and even describes authoritarian punishment as strict but not abusive.
Highly mild parenting does not fit a group containing high-control styles, because both authoritarian and authoritative parenting have high control.
Result
Therefore, authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parents have dissimilar parenting styles.