Arrange the following steps of research in the correct sequence:…

Concept

A research process is a systematic chain in which each stage prepares the basis for the next stage. The problem defines what is to be studied, and the objectives state what the study must achieve.

The methodology must be chosen before data are collected because it specifies the design, sample, tools, and procedure. Analysis follows collection, while results and discussion communicate and interpret the analysed findings.

Application

Applying that dependency rule gives the following order:

1. Identify the research problem so that the scope and central issue are clear.

2. List the research objectives because they translate the problem into specific goals.

3. Choose the methodology, including the research design, sampling plan, instruments, and procedure, before gathering evidence.

4. Collect the data by using the selected methodology.

5. Analyse the collected data to obtain findings relevant to the objectives.

6. Present the results and discussion by reporting the findings and interpreting their meaning.

Cross-check and contrast

The dependencies provide a direct cross-check: objectives require a defined problem; data collection requires a prior methodology; analysis requires collected data; and discussion requires analysed results.

• The sequence 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 places data collection before methodology, although the collection procedure must first be specified.

• The sequence 1 – 2 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 6 preserves every dependency: problem before objectives, methodology before collection, collection before analysis, and analysis before results and discussion.

• The sequence 2 – 1 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 places objectives before the research problem and also places data collection before methodology.

• The sequence 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 6 places objectives before the research problem, even though objectives are derived from the defined problem.

Therefore, the correct sequence is 1 – 2 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 6.